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cells

‘Simple’ bacteria found to organize in elaborate patterns

January 9, 2022 by Editor Leave a Comment

Genetic mechanism found that enables communities of bacterial cells to organize into surprisingly sophisticated segments, revealing a similarity to how plants and animals develop

Over the past several years, research from University of California San Diego biologist Gürol Süel’s laboratory has uncovered a series of remarkable features exhibited by clusters of bacteria that live together in communities known as biofilms.

Biofilms are prevalent in the living world, inhabiting sewer pipes, kitchen counters and even the surface of our teeth. A previous research study demonstrated that these biofilms employ sophisticated systems to communicate with one another, while another proved biofilms have a robust capacity for memory. [Read more…] about ‘Simple’ bacteria found to organize in elaborate patterns

Filed Under: Biology, News Tagged With: bacteria, bacterial, biofilm, biofilms, biological, cell, cells, communities, diego, gm, graduate, mechanism, patterns, plants, researchers, san, scholar, sciences, student, study, süel, systems, thought, uc, vertebrates

What makes us human? The answer may be found in overlooked DNA

January 3, 2022 by Farhana Leave a Comment

Our DNA is very similar to that of the chimpanzee, which in evolutionary terms is our closest living relative. Stem cell researchers at Lund University in Sweden have now found a previously overlooked part of our DNA, so-called non-coded DNA, that appears to contribute to a difference which, despite all our similarities, may explain why our brains work differently. The study is published in the journal Cell Stem Cell.

The chimpanzee is our closest living relative in evolutionary terms and research suggests our kinship derives from a common ancestor. About five to six million years ago, our evolutionary paths separated, leading to the chimpanzee of today, and Homo Sapiens, humankind in the 21st century.

In a new study, stem cell researchers at Lund examined what it is in our DNA that makes human and chimpanzee brains different – and they have found answers. [Read more…] about What makes us human? The answer may be found in overlooked DNA

Related Posts

  • Neuroscientists build ‘ultra detailed map’ of brain motor cortex, from mice to monkeys to humans
    47
    Neuroscientists build ‘ultra detailed map’ of brain motor cortex, from mice to monkeys to humansHundreds of neuroscientists have built a “parts list” of the motor cortex, laying groundwork to map the whole brain and better understand brain diseases. Before you read any further, bring your hand to your forehead. It probably didn’t feel like much, but that simple kind of motion required the concerted…
    Tags: brain, cell, cells, news
  • Rules of brain architecture revealed in large study of neuron shape and electrophysiology
    41
    Rules of brain architecture revealed in large study of neuron shape and electrophysiologyTo understand our brains, scientists need to know their components. This theme underlies a growing effort in neuroscience to define the different building blocks of the brain – its cells. With the mouse's 80 million neurons and our 86 billion, sorting through those delicate, microscopic building blocks is no small…
    Tags: cell, brain, cells, researchers, study, news
  • 'Feel good' brain messenger can be willfully controlled, new study reveals
    38
    'Feel good' brain messenger can be willfully controlled, new study revealsFrom the thrill of hearing an ice cream truck approaching to the spikes of pleasure while sipping a fine wine, the neurological messenger known as dopamine has been popularly described as the brain's "feel good" chemical related to reward and pleasure. A ubiquitous neurotransmitter that carries signals between brain cells,…
    Tags: researchers, study, news, brain
  • A new gene therapy strategy, courtesy of Mother Nature
    35
    A new gene therapy strategy, courtesy of Mother NatureScientists have developed a new gene-therapy technique by transforming human cells into mass producers of tiny nano-sized particles full of genetic material that has the potential to reverse disease processes. Though the research was intended as a proof of concept, the experimental therapy slowed tumor growth and prolonged survival in…
    Tags: cells, brain, dna, news
  • New CRISPR technology offers unrivaled control of epigenetic inheritance
    34
    New CRISPR technology offers unrivaled control of epigenetic inheritanceScientists have figured out how to modify CRISPR's basic architecture to extend its reach beyond the genome and into what's known as the epigenome – proteins and small molecules that latch onto DNA and control when and where genes are switched on or off. In a paper published April 9,…
    Tags: dna, researchers, cell, cells, human, news, genetics

Filed Under: Genetics, News Tagged With: brain, cell, cells, chimpanzees, dna, humans, lund, researchers

Metabolism changes with age, just not when you might think

August 18, 2021 by Editor

Most of us remember a time when we could eat anything we wanted and not gain weight. But a new study suggests your metabolism – the rate at which you burn calories – actually peaks much earlier in life, and starts its inevitable decline later than you might guess.

The findings will appear Aug. 12 in the journal Science.

“There are lots of physiological changes that come with growing up and getting older,” said study co-author Herman Pontzer, associate professor of evolutionary anthropology at Duke University. “Think puberty, menopause, other phases of life. What’s weird is that the timing of our ‘metabolic life stages’ doesn’t seem to match those typical milestones.” [Read more…] about Metabolism changes with age, just not when you might think

Filed Under: Health, News Tagged With: account, age, body, burn, calories, cells, changes, daily, data, energy, expenditure, expenditures, life, metabolism, muscle, pontzer, researchers, size, time, water, weight, year

Tick tock in the brain: Chinese scientists provide molecular insights into primate hippocampal aging

August 9, 2021 by Editor

Deep inside our brain is a region called the hippocampus. It plays a crucial role in learning and memory, and its progressive deterioration with age is functionally linked to a variety of human neurodegenerative diseases. But what drives it down the path of aging?

The hippocampus is a complex structure with a highly heterogeneous cell composition, so it is difficult to accurately reveal the molecular regulatory networks of various cell types contributing to the aging process with traditional techniques.

In addition, due to the ethical restrictions, it is difficult to obtain disease-free human brain tissues of both young and old ages. All these factors limited our understanding of the aging mechanism in the human hippocampus, let alone the development of therapeutic interventions. [Read more…] about Tick tock in the brain: Chinese scientists provide molecular insights into primate hippocampal aging

Related Posts

  • Neuroscientists build ‘ultra detailed map’ of brain motor cortex, from mice to monkeys to humans
    39
    Neuroscientists build ‘ultra detailed map’ of brain motor cortex, from mice to monkeys to humansHundreds of neuroscientists have built a “parts list” of the motor cortex, laying groundwork to map the whole brain and better understand brain diseases. Before you read any further, bring your hand to your forehead. It probably didn’t feel like much, but that simple kind of motion required the concerted…
    Tags: brain, cell, cells, types, news
  • Tracing the many paths of vision
    33
    Tracing the many paths of visionRetinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the bottleneck through which all visual impressions flow from the retina to the brain. A team from the Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, University of California Berkeley and Harvard University created a molecular catalog that describes the different types of these neurons. In this way,…
    Tags: types, brain, cell, molecular, function, news
  • Microbes turn back the clock as research discovers their potential to reverse aging in the brain
    33
    Microbes turn back the clock as research discovers their potential to reverse aging in the brainAs our population ages one of the key global challenges is to develop strategies to maintain healthy brain function. This ground-breaking  research opens up a potentially new therapeutic avenues  in the form of microbial-based interventions to slow down brain aging and associated cognitive problems. The work was carried out by…
    Tags: brain, aging, function, study, therapeutic, health, news
  • A new gene therapy strategy, courtesy of Mother Nature
    31
    A new gene therapy strategy, courtesy of Mother NatureScientists have developed a new gene-therapy technique by transforming human cells into mass producers of tiny nano-sized particles full of genetic material that has the potential to reverse disease processes. Though the research was intended as a proof of concept, the experimental therapy slowed tumor growth and prolonged survival in…
    Tags: cells, brain, therapeutic, news, health
  • Rules of brain architecture revealed in large study of neuron shape and electrophysiology
    31
    Rules of brain architecture revealed in large study of neuron shape and electrophysiologyTo understand our brains, scientists need to know their components. This theme underlies a growing effort in neuroscience to define the different building blocks of the brain – its cells. With the mouse's 80 million neurons and our 86 billion, sorting through those delicate, microscopic building blocks is no small…
    Tags: cell, brain, types, cells, study, news

Filed Under: Health, News Tagged With: aged, aging, brain, cell, cells, diseases, function, hippocampal, human, including, landscape, microglia, molecular, primate, therapeutic, transcriptomic, types

Scientists discover a new class of memory cells in the brain

July 19, 2021 by Editor

Scientists have long searched in vain for a class of brain cells that could explain the visceral flash of recognition that we feel when we see a very familiar face, like that of our grandmothers.

But the proposed “grandmother neuron” – a single cell at the crossroads of sensory perception and memory, capable of prioritizing an important face over the rabble – remained elusive.

Now, new research reveals a class of neurons in the brain’s temporal pole region that links face perception to long-term memory. It’s not quite the apocryphal grandmother neuron – rather than a single cell, it’s a population of cells that collectively remembers grandma’s face. [Read more…] about Scientists discover a new class of memory cells in the brain

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  • Neuroscientists build ‘ultra detailed map’ of brain motor cortex, from mice to monkeys to humans
    48
    Neuroscientists build ‘ultra detailed map’ of brain motor cortex, from mice to monkeys to humansHundreds of neuroscientists have built a “parts list” of the motor cortex, laying groundwork to map the whole brain and better understand brain diseases. Before you read any further, bring your hand to your forehead. It probably didn’t feel like much, but that simple kind of motion required the concerted…
    Tags: brain, cell, cells, neurons, news
  • What makes us human? The answer may be found in overlooked DNA
    34
    What makes us human? The answer may be found in overlooked DNAOur DNA is very similar to that of the chimpanzee, which in evolutionary terms is our closest living relative. Stem cell researchers at Lund University in Sweden have now found a previously overlooked part of our DNA, so-called non-coded DNA, that appears to contribute to a difference which, despite all…
    Tags: cells, cell, brain, news
  • Scientists identify many genes involved in neuron development
    33
    Scientists identify many genes involved in neuron developmentNeurons result from a highly complex and unique series of cell divisions. For example, in fruit flies, the process starts with stem cells that divide into mother cells (progenitor cells), that then divide into precursor cells that eventually become neurons. A team of the University of Michigan (U-M), spearheaded by…
    Tags: cell, neuron, cells, brain, neurons, news
  • Rules of brain architecture revealed in large study of neuron shape and electrophysiology
    30
    Rules of brain architecture revealed in large study of neuron shape and electrophysiologyTo understand our brains, scientists need to know their components. This theme underlies a growing effort in neuroscience to define the different building blocks of the brain – its cells. With the mouse's 80 million neurons and our 86 billion, sorting through those delicate, microscopic building blocks is no small…
    Tags: cell, brain, cells, neurons, news

Filed Under: Brain, News Tagged With: brain, cells, faces, familiar, grandmother, memory, neuron, region, sensory

Study shows potential dangers of sweeteners

July 12, 2021 by Editor

New research has discovered that common artificial sweeteners can cause previously healthy gut bacteria to become diseased and invade the gut wall, potentially leading to serious health issues.

The study, published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, is the first to show the pathogenic effects of some of the most widely used artificial sweeteners – saccharin, sucralose, and aspartame – on two types of gut bacteria, E. coli (Escherichia coli) and E. faecalis (Enterococcus faecalis).

Previous studies have shown that artificial sweeteners can change the number and type of bacteria in the gut, but this new molecular research, led by academics from Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), has demonstrated that sweeteners can also make the bacteria pathogenic. [Read more…] about Study shows potential dangers of sweeteners

Filed Under: Features, Health Tagged With: artificial, bacteria, biofilms, caco, cells, coli, faecalis, features, gut, increased, intestine, invade, pathogenic, saccharin, study, sweeteners, wall

How the surfaces of silicone breast implants affect the immune system

June 28, 2021 by Editor

Every year, about 400,000 people receive silicone breast implants in the United States. According to data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, a majority of those implants needs to be replaced within 10 years due to the buildup of scar tissue and other complications.

A team led by MIT researchers has now systematically analyzed how the varying surface architecture found in these implants influences the development of adverse effects, which in rare cases can include an unusual type of lymphoma.

“The surface topography of an implant can drastically affect how the immune response perceives it, and this has important ramifications for the [implants’] design,” says Omid Veiseh, a former MIT postdoc. “We hope this paper provides a foundation for plastic surgeons to evaluate and better understand how implant choice can affect the patient experience.” [Read more…] about How the surfaces of silicone breast implants affect the immune system

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    Study identifies biomarker for breast cancer response to immunotherapyBiomarkers that have proven to be predictors of immunotherapy responses in melanoma patients have also been shown to be clinically relevant in breast cancer patients. Clinical cancer research.. This study found that this biomarker, a molecule called major histocompatibility complex class II protein (MHC-II), Immunotherapy Two types of benefits chest…
    Tags: breast, news, health
  • What makes us human? The answer may be found in overlooked DNA
    31
    What makes us human? The answer may be found in overlooked DNAOur DNA is very similar to that of the chimpanzee, which in evolutionary terms is our closest living relative. Stem cell researchers at Lund University in Sweden have now found a previously overlooked part of our DNA, so-called non-coded DNA, that appears to contribute to a difference which, despite all…
    Tags: cells, researchers, news
  • The future of medicine is nearer thanks to researchers’ invention
    30
    The future of medicine is nearer thanks to researchers’ inventionResearchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst recently unveiled their discovery of a new process for making RNA. The resulting RNA is purer, more copious and likely to be more cost-effective than any previous process could manage. This new technique removes the largest stumbling block on the path to next-generation…
    Tags: news, health

Filed Under: Health, News Tagged With: breast, cells, features, health, implants, researchers, surface, tissue

Scientists use ‘sandwich’ model to make solar panels more efficient

May 21, 2021 by Editor

In a world hungry for cheaper, more efficient renewable energy, Australian researchers have served up a treat.

Work led by the ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science has shown that the two-dimensional (2D) thin films used in some perovskite solar cells closely resemble a sandwich. Perovskite is an exciting material at the forefront of solar energy research and design.

Previously, scientists thought these 2D perovskite films had a ‘gradient’ structure, in which certain components were found deep in the material, with other complementary elements only located nearer to the surface, like topping on a cracker. [Read more…] about Scientists use ‘sandwich’ model to make solar panels more efficient

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  • Scientists discover ‘major cause’ of solar cell inefficiency
    30
    Scientists discover ‘major cause’ of solar cell inefficiencyResearchers in the materials department in UC Santa Barbara's College of Engineering have uncovered a major cause of limitations to efficiency in a new generation of solar cells. Various possible defects in the lattice of what are known as hybrid perovskites had previously been considered as the potential cause of…
    Tags: efficiency, solar, perovskite, cells, scientists, material, cell, news, energy

Filed Under: Energy, News Tagged With: cell, cells, central, csiro, device, devices, efficiency, efficient, energy, films, gradient, layer, layers, leds, material, perovskite, prototype, real, researchers, sandwich, science, scientists, solar, structure, understanding, university

Scientists discover ‘major cause’ of solar cell inefficiency

May 19, 2021 by Editor

Researchers in the materials department in UC Santa Barbara’s College of Engineering have uncovered a major cause of limitations to efficiency in a new generation of solar cells.

Various possible defects in the lattice of what are known as hybrid perovskites had previously been considered as the potential cause of such limitations, but it was assumed that the organic molecules (the components responsible for the “hybrid” moniker) would remain intact.

Cutting-edge computations have now revealed that missing hydrogen atoms in these molecules can cause massive efficiency losses. The findings are published in a paper titled “Minimizing hydrogen vacancies to enable highly efficient hybrid perovskites,” in the April 29 issue of the journal Nature Materials. [Read more…] about Scientists discover ‘major cause’ of solar cell inefficiency

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  • Organic solar cells: A question of affinity
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    Organic solar cells: A question of affinityMost of us are familiar with silicon solar cells, which can be found on the rooftops of modern houses. These cells are made of two silicon layers, which contain different atoms such as boron and phosphorus. When combined, these layers direct charges generated by the absorbed sunlight towards the electrodes.…
    Tags: solar, cells, organic, energy, materials, cell, efficiency
  • Scientists use ‘sandwich’ model to make solar panels more efficient
    30
    Scientists use ‘sandwich’ model to make solar panels more efficientIn a world hungry for cheaper, more efficient renewable energy, Australian researchers have served up a treat. Work led by the ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science has shown that the two-dimensional (2D) thin films used in some perovskite solar cells closely resemble a sandwich. Perovskite is an exciting…
    Tags: perovskite, solar, cells, material, energy, scientists, efficiency, cell, news

Filed Under: Energy, News Tagged With: cells, created, de, defects, efficiency, form, formamidinium, group, hybrid, hydrogen, insight's, lattice, material, materials, methylammonium, molecule, molecules, organic, performance, perovskite, perovskites, solar, turiansky, van, walle

Dietary amino acid determines the fate of cancer cells

May 2, 2021 by Editor

A research group at the RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR) has discovered molecular events that determine whether cancer cells live or die.

With this knowledge, they found that reduced consumption of a specific protein building block prevents the growth of cells that become cancerous.

These findings were published in the scientific journal eLife and open up the possibility of dietary therapy for cancer. [Read more…] about Dietary amino acid determines the fate of cancer cells

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    Small cell lung cancer: Scientists identify two new approaches for therapyUsing samples of small cell lung tumours, a research team led by biologist Dr Silvia von Karstedt has discovered two new ways to induce tumour cell death. One of two subsets of tumour cells can be targeted by activating ferroptosis: iron-dependent cell death caused by oxidative stress. In the second…
    Tags: cell, cells, cancer, death, news, biology
  • Neuroscientists build ‘ultra detailed map’ of brain motor cortex, from mice to monkeys to humans
    38
    Neuroscientists build ‘ultra detailed map’ of brain motor cortex, from mice to monkeys to humansHundreds of neuroscientists have built a “parts list” of the motor cortex, laying groundwork to map the whole brain and better understand brain diseases. Before you read any further, bring your hand to your forehead. It probably didn’t feel like much, but that simple kind of motion required the concerted…
    Tags: cell, cells, news
  • What makes us human? The answer may be found in overlooked DNA
    33
    What makes us human? The answer may be found in overlooked DNAOur DNA is very similar to that of the chimpanzee, which in evolutionary terms is our closest living relative. Stem cell researchers at Lund University in Sweden have now found a previously overlooked part of our DNA, so-called non-coded DNA, that appears to contribute to a difference which, despite all…
    Tags: cells, cell, news
  • Antibiotic breakthrough: Scientists finally figure out how penicillin kills bacteria
    32
    Antibiotic breakthrough: Scientists finally figure out how penicillin kills bacteriaThe mechanism which allows β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillin, to kill MRSA has been revealed for the first time. An international team of researchers led by the University of Sheffield discovered that β-lactam antibiotics kill MRSA (Methicillin Resistant S. aureus) by creating holes in the cell wall which enlarge as the…
    Tags: cell, biology, news

Filed Under: Biology, News Tagged With: cancer, cell, cells, death, proliferation, src

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  • Schaeffler acquires precision gearbox maker Melior Motion 
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