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Perseverance’s first year on Mars: Purdue professor, mission team member looks at what is ahead

January 24, 2022 by Editor Leave a Comment

Almost one year into the Mars rover mission, accomplishing its goal is on the horizon for Purdue University’s Briony Horgan and the Perseverance team.

February 18 will mark one year since the rover landed on the red planet following a seven-month, 300-million-mile flight across space.

Horgan, associate professor of planetary science in the Purdue College of Science’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, says anticipation is building as the team focuses on the mission goal: researching a now-dry large river delta. [Read more…] about Perseverance’s first year on Mars: Purdue professor, mission team member looks at what is ahead

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    ABB provides Ty-Rap cable ties for NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover MissionAs NASA’s Mars Perseverance rover begins exploring its new planetary home after landing on February 18, 2021, it’s operating with the world’s most advanced technology while being equipped with Ty-Rap cable ties from ABB, the same ties that are widely used on earth. Found in buildings, subways, the deepest oceans…
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Filed Under: Features, Space Tagged With: ancient, crater, delta, horgan, landing, mars, mission, perseverance, planet, purdue, river, rock, rover, samples, science, signs, supposed, team, year

NASA’s James Webb Telescope all set to see universe’s very first galaxies and distant worlds

January 6, 2022 by Editor Leave a Comment

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope launched recently on an Ariane 5 rocket from Europe’s Spaceport in French Guiana, South America.

A joint effort with ESA (European Space Agency) and the Canadian Space Agency, the Webb observatory is NASA’s revolutionary flagship mission to seek the light from the first galaxies in the early universe and to explore our own solar system, as well as planets orbiting other stars, called exoplanets.

“The James Webb Space Telescope represents the ambition that NASA and our partners maintain to propel us forward into the future,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. [Read more…] about NASA’s James Webb Telescope all set to see universe’s very first galaxies and distant worlds

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    NASA Invites Media to Northrop Grumman’s September Antares Launch from VirginiaMedia accreditation is open for the launch from Virginia of Northrop Grumman’s 14th commercial resupply services mission to deliver NASA science investigations, supplies, and equipment to the International Space Station aboard its Cygnus spacecraft. Northrop Grumman is targeting liftoff of its Antares launch vehicle for no earlier than 10:26 pm EDT Tuesday,…
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  • Which way does the solar wind blow?
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    Which way does the solar wind blow?The surface of the sun churns with energy and frequently ejects masses of highly-magnetized plasma towards Earth. Sometimes these ejections are strong enough to crash through the magnetosphere – the natural magnetic shield that protects the Earth – damaging satellites or electrical grids. Such space weather events can be catastrophic.…
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  • NASA selects mission to study space weather from ISS
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    NASA selects mission to study space weather from ISSNASA has selected a new mission that will help scientists understand and, ultimately, forecast the vast space weather system around our planet. Space weather is important because it can have profound impacts – affecting technology and astronauts in space, disrupting radio communications and, at its most severe, overwhelming power grids.…
    Tags: space, mission, nasa, will, science, solar
  • NASA sends CubeSats to space on first dedicated launch with US partner Rocket Lab
    38
    A series of new CubeSats now are in space, conducting a variety of scientific investigations and technology demonstrations, following launch Sunday of Rocket Lab’s first mission for NASA under a Venture Class Launch Services (VCLS) contract. An Electron rocket lifted off at 1:33 a.m. EST (7:33 p.m. NZDT) from the…
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  • Australian research shows NASA's James Webb telescopes will reveal hidden galaxies
    38
    Australian research shows NASA's James Webb telescopes will reveal hidden galaxiesTwo new studies from the University of Melbourne will help the largest, most powerful and complex space telescope ever built to uncover galaxies never before seen by humanity. The papers are published in The Astrophysical Journal and the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society and show that NASA's James Webb Space…
    Tags: will, telescope, space, webb, news

Filed Under: Astronomy, News Tagged With: mission, nasa, observatory, science, space, telescope, webb

Study shows tiger sharks have social preferences for one another

September 6, 2021 by Editor

Scientists at the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (UM) and the Institute of Zoology at the Zoological Society London (ZSL) found that tiger sharks, often considered a solitary nomadic species, are social creatures, having preferences for one another.

A first of its kind, the study also evaluated if exposure of the tiger shark to baited dive tourism impacted their social behavior.

The study was conducted at a site named Tiger Beach, located off the north-west side of Little Bahama bank in the Bahamas. The area is known for hosting shark diving encounters, where the sharks are attracted with chum and often fed in front of dive tourists. [Read more…] about Study shows tiger sharks have social preferences for one another

Filed Under: Nature, News Tagged With: behavior, dive, marine, predators, science, shark, sharks, social, study, tiger, university

Flexible, wearable X-ray detector doesn’t require heavy metals

August 12, 2021 by Editor

X-ray imaging is a fast and painless way for doctors to see inside a person. But radiation detectors, which go under the body part being imaged, are rigid panels that contain harmful heavy metals, such as lead and cadmium.

Now, researchers in ACS’ Nano Letters report a proof-of-concept wearable X-ray detector prepared from nontoxic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) layered between flexible plastic and gold electrodes for high-sensitivity sensing and imaging.

Most X-ray detectors are integrated into big, immobile instruments, such as computerized tomography (known as CT) and mammography equipment, or are stiff, like the sharp-edged bitewing detectors used in dental offices. [Read more…] about Flexible, wearable X-ray detector doesn’t require heavy metals

Filed Under: News, Technology Tagged With: acs, chemical, current, detector, detectors, education, electrodes, flexible, foundation, gold, imaging, plastic, radiation, science, scientific, wearable, x-ray

Watching light break down a model photocatalyst in near real time

August 10, 2021 by Editor

The Science

Chemists create catalysts for use in industry and other applications. One of the methods to create these catalysts is by using light to break down organometallic compounds – substances that include both metals and carbon.

These types of compounds are called photocatalysts. Scientists call the process of breaking down molecules with light, photodissociation. Researchers often study the photodissociation of iron pentacarbonyl as a model for understanding other catalysts.

This study used a method called ultrafast infrared (IR) spectroscopy to study how ultraviolet light photodissociates gas phase iron pentacarbonyl.

The Impact

Researchers know a great deal about the photochemistry of iron pentacarbonyl in the solution phase.

However, scientists need combined experimental and theoretical gas phase studies to investigate the role of the molecule’s complex electronic structure on its photodissociation processes, which can help scientists better understand how the effects of solvents change reaction dynamics.

This research provides important new insights on the mechanisms, energetics, and timescales of the photodissociation of gas phase iron pentacarbonyl. These fundamental science insights may help scientists design new organometallic photocatalysts for industry and other applications.

Summary

Iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) interacts with ultraviolet (UV) light to produce reactive catalytic species that activate certain chemical bonds. In this study, researchers investigated the mechanisms of UV-induced breakdown of iron pentacarbonyl in the gas phase using ultrafast IR spectroscopy combined with high-level quantum chemical calculations.

They exposed gas phase iron pentacarbonyl to UV light in a 265 nanometer or 199 nanometer pulse, and then performed transient IR spectroscopy. This use of ultrafast IR spectroscopy enabled rapid chemical changes to be measured in real time.

Irradiating iron pentacarbonyl at 265 nm produces a short-lived intermediate, iron tetracarbonyl (Fe(CO)4) in a singlet excited state.

This research identified this intermediate, providing evidence for the previously postulated sequential dissociation mechanism.

The loss of another carbonyl (CO group) leads to the formation of iron tricarbonyl (Fe(CO)3) in a singlet excited state on a 3.4 picosecond timescale.

Then, over approximately 10 picoseconds, the research found evidence of the redistribution of energy or structural evolution of Fe(CO)3.

Studies of 199 nanometer irradiation suggest production of singlet-excited Fe(CO)3 in less than 0.3 picoseconds, followed by intersystem crossing to the ground triplet states of Fe(CO)3 or iron dicarbonyl (Fe(CO)2) on a 15 picosecond timescale.

These results indicate carbonyl elimination mechanisms involving electronically and vibrationally excited species.

Funding

This work was supported by the Department of Energy Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, as part of the Gas Phase Chemical Physics Program.

Filed Under: Industry, News Tagged With: catalysts, chemical, energy, excited, fe(co, gas, iron, light, mechanisms, nanometer, pentacarbonyl, phase, science, scientists, spectroscopy, study

High-resolution microscope built from LEGO and bits of phone

July 2, 2021 by Editor

Microscopy is an essential tool in many fields of science and medicine. However, many groups have limited access to this technology due to its cost and fragility.

Now, researchers from the Universities of Göttingen and Münster have succeeded in building a high-resolution microscope using nothing more than children’s plastic building bricks and affordable parts from a mobile phone.

They then went on to show that children aged 9-13 had significantly increased understanding of microscopy after constructing and working with the LEGO microscope. Their results were published in The Biophysicist. [Read more…] about High-resolution microscope built from LEGO and bits of phone

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  • For girls, learning science outside linked to better grades, knowledge
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    For girls, learning science outside linked to better grades, knowledgeIn a new study, North Carolina State University researchers found that an outdoor science program was linked to higher average science grades and an increase in a measure of science knowledge for a group of fifth grade girls in North Carolina. The findings, published in the International Journal of Science Education,…
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  • Applying artificial intelligence to science education
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    Applying artificial intelligence to science educationA new review published in the Journal of Research in Science Teaching highlights the potential of machine learning – a subset of artificial intelligence – in science education. Although the authors initiated their review before the Covid-19 outbreak, the pandemic highlights the need to examine cutting-edge digital technologies as we re-think…
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  • Ripeta joins the Digital Science family
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  • Rise in childhood short-sightedness may be linked to pandemic, suggests Hong Kong study
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    Rise in childhood short-sightedness may be linked to pandemic, suggests Hong Kong studyThe increase in cases of myopia (myopia) in children in Hong Kong may be associated with a significant decrease in the amount of time they were able to spend outdoors and a sharp increase in screen time during a coronavirus pandemic. I have. NS British Journal of Offtalmology.. By September…
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Filed Under: Education, News Tagged With: children, high-resolution, microscope, researchers, science

Soaking up the sun: Artificial photosynthesis promises clean, sustainable source of energy

June 23, 2021 by Editor

Humans can do lots of things that plants can’t do. We can walk around, we can talk, we can hear and see and touch. But plants have one major advantage over humans: They can make energy directly from the sun.

That process of turning sunlight directly into usable energy – called photosynthesis – may soon be a feat humans are able to mimic to harness the sun’s energy for clean, storable, efficient fuel.

If so, it could open a whole new frontier of clean energy. Enough energy hits the earth in the form of sunlight in one hour to meet all human civilization’s energy needs for an entire year. [Read more…] about Soaking up the sun: Artificial photosynthesis promises clean, sustainable source of energy

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Filed Under: Science, Technology Tagged With: artificial, energy, photosynthesis, science, technology

Data from community science is underutilized. New study aims to change that

June 17, 2021 by Editor

In recent years, community science – also known as citizen science – has become a global phenomenon, engaging millions of people through wildlife observation platforms like iNaturalist and contributing unparalleled amounts of data on the natural world.

Despite this, however, community science data remains widely underutilized by the scientific community due to its perception as being less reliable than expert-collected data.

In a paper published last week in Oikos, California Academy of Sciences researchers – with support from the California Ocean Protection Council – present a new framework for how community-generated data can be effectively used to monitor and protect our planet’s biodiversity. [Read more…] about Data from community science is underutilized. New study aims to change that

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Filed Under: Environment, Research Tagged With: biodiversity, change, community, community-generated, data, framework, observations, researchers, science

UMass Amherst food scientists aim to make plant-based protein tastier and healthier

June 14, 2021 by Editor

As meat-eating continues to increase around the world, food scientists are focusing on ways to create healthier, better-tasting and more sustainable plant-based protein products that mimic meat, fish, milk, cheese and eggs.

It’s no simple task, says renowned food scientist David Julian McClements, University of Massachusetts Amherst Distinguished Professor and lead author of a paper in the new Nature journal, Science of Food, that explores the topic.

“With Beyond Meat and Impossible Foods and other products coming on the market, there’s a huge interest in plant-based foods for improved sustainability, health and ethical reasons,” says McClements, a leading expert in food design and nanotechnology, and author of Future Foods: How Modern Science Is Transforming the Way We Eat. [Read more…] about UMass Amherst food scientists aim to make plant-based protein tastier and healthier

Filed Under: Agriculture, Life Tagged With: amherst, eggs, food, healthier, life, market, mcclements, meat, milk, notes, paper, plant-based, products, protein, science, scientists, team

Ripeta joins the Digital Science family

June 14, 2021 by Editor

UK Digital Science, a technology company serving stakeholders across the research ecosystem, is pleased to announce that it has fully acquired ripeta, an AI-based company aiming to help build trust in science.

This is a natural development based on Digital Science’s previous support and investment in the US-based start-up, which aims to make research more reproducible by identifying and highlighting elements of scholarly manuscripts that either appear to be difficult to reproduce or where additional provenance would increase the trust that can be placed in the paper.

Ripeta’s software uses sophisticated machine-learning and natural language processing algorithms to evaluate research manuscripts for evidence of reproducibility. In our data-rich research environment, excellence of communication of research ideas is increasingly tied to transparent presentation.

This includes appropriate referencing of techniques, methods and underlying data. Better research communication is essential for research to have its maximum impact. Ripeta aims to build trust in the research, its associated data, and the authors. [Read more…] about Ripeta joins the Digital Science family

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Filed Under: News, Technology Tagged With: company, digital, reproducibility, ripeta, science

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